Viktimisasi Part-Time Job Scam di Indonesia: Analisis Hukum Pidana dan Space Transition Theory

Abstract

Abstrak: Perkembangan teknologi digital pada era Society 5.0 telah mendorong munculnya berbagai bentuk kejahatan siber, salah satunya Part-Time Job Scam yang menargetkan pencari kerja melalui platform digital dengan modus penipuan berbasis rekayasa sosial (social engineering). Meskipun penelitian mengenai cybercrime telah berkembang, kajian yang mengintegrasikan perspektif hukum pidana, viktimologi, dan Space Transition Theory dalam menganalisis proses viktimisasi korban masih sangat terbatas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis karakteristik Part-Time Job Scam, mengkaji proses viktimisasi korban berdasarkan Space Transition Theory, serta mengevaluasi kecukupan pengaturan hukum pidana Indonesia dalam memberikan perlindungan hukum terhadap korban. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan (statute approach) dan pendekatan konseptual (conceptual approach). Bahan hukum dianalisis secara deskriptif-analitis melalui studi kepustakaan terhadap peraturan perundang-undangan, doktrin, dan literatur ilmiah yang relevan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Part-Time Job Scam pada hakikatnya merupakan transformasi modus operandi tindak pidana penipuan yang memanfaatkan karakteristik ruang siber untuk membangun kepercayaan, menyamarkan identitas pelaku, dan meningkatkan kerentanan korban. Penelitian ini menawarkan kebaruan berupa rekonstruksi model perlindungan hukum yang mengintegrasikan perspektif hukum pidana, viktimologi, dan Space Transition Theory sebagai dasar penguatan kebijakan hukum yang lebih berorientasi pada perlindungan korban (victim-oriented criminal law) dalam penanggulangan Part-Time Job Scam di Indonesia.

Kata Kunci: Part-Time Job Scam; Kejahatan Siber; Viktimisasi; Space Transition Theory; Perlindungan Hukum

Abstract: Rapid digital transformation in the Society 5.0 era has facilitated the emergence of increasingly sophisticated forms of cybercrime, including Part-Time Job Scam, which targets job seekers through digital platforms by employing structured social engineering techniques. Although cybercrime has been extensively discussed, limited attention has been given to the integration of criminal law, victimology, and the Space Transition Theory in explaining the victimization process of Part-Time Job Scam victims. This study aims to analyze the characteristics of Part-Time Job Scam, examine the victimization process through the perspective of the Space Transition Theory, and evaluate the adequacy of Indonesian criminal law in providing legal protection for victims. This study adopts a normative legal research method using statutory and conceptual approaches. Legal materials were collected through library research and analyzed using a descriptive-analytical method. The findings reveal that Part-Time Job Scam does not constitute a new criminal offence; rather, it represents a technologically facilitated transformation of conventional fraud that exploits cyberspace to establish trust, conceal offenders' identities, and increase victims' vulnerability. This study contributes to the literature by proposing a victim-oriented legal protection model integrating criminal law, victimology, and the Space Transition Theory as a normative framework for strengthening legal responses to Part-Time Job Scam in Indonesia.

Keywords: Part-Time Job Scam; Cybercrime; Victimization; Space Transition Theory; Legal Protection